Sound to Sentence

A, B, C, D, ……. =Letters (ଗୋଟିଏ symbol ଯାହାକି ଗୋଟିଏ sound କୁ ବୁଝାଏ)

Letter : A symbol that represents a sound.

Ab, jgb, ac, bac, en, cen – sound represents more letters =syllable (meaningless)
(sound ଯାହାକି ଏକାଧିକ letterକୁ ନେଇ ଗଠିତ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହାର ଅର୍ଥ ନଥାଏ)
At, cat, mat, bat, ban, man- sound represents more letters =syllable (meaningful)

Syllable
Nonsense syllable
Words
Ab, jgb, ac, bac, en, cen
At, cat, mat, bat, ban, man

Word : A letter or group of letter that represents a sound a sound with meaning is called a ‘word’.
ଗୋଟିଏ letter ବା ଏକାଧିକ letter ଗୋଟିଏ sound produce କରିବା ସହ ଯଦି ଏକ ଅର୍ଥ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରନ୍ତ୍ରି ତାହା word.

Phrase : ଏକାଧିକ word ଗୋଟିଏ unit କୁ ବୁଝାଇଲେ ଓ ଗୋଟିଏ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାର phrase ଅଟେ |

ଯଥା :- noun phrase, verb phrase, adjective, adverb phrase, phrasal verb, etc
Sentence: ଗୋଟିଏ unit ରେ ଏକାଧିକ word ଥାଇ ତାହା complete sense କୁ ବୁଝାଇଥାଏ, ତାହା ହେଉଛି sentence.

Functionକୁ base କରି sentenceକୁ ୪ଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ |
1)     Statement sentence
2)     Interrogative sentence
3)     Imperative sentence
4)     Exclamatory sentence

Example:-
Statement sentence: Mitu is a good boy.
Interrogative sentence : What is Mitu like?
Imperative sentence: Mitu, come here.
Exclamatory sentence: What a boy Mitu is!
Structureକୁ base କରି sentenceକୁ ୪ଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ |
1)     Simple sentence
2)     Compound sentence
3)     Complex sentence
Example :-
·        Simple sentence: Shyam worked hard.
·        Compound sentence:  Shyam worked hard and he got a first class.
·        Complex sentence: Shyam got a first class which helped him joining a good college.

Part of speech:-

Hurah! Little Shyam and I ran quickly on the road.
Shyam – Noun
I-Pronoun
Ran- verb
Little-adjective
Quickly-adverb
On- preposition
And – conjugation
Hurah- Interjection
ଏ ଗୁଡିକ କହନ୍ତି part of speech, ଗୋଟିଏ sentence ରେ ୮ ପ୍ରକାର item ରହିପାରେ ଓ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ part of speech କୁହାଯାଏ |

Subject:-

i.                 Bird flies.
ii.               Cats mew.
iii.              Fire burns.
Who fly? (Bird)
Who mew? (Cats)
What burns? (Fire)
Underline words ଗୁଡିକ naming part ଆମେ who ଓ what ଲଗାଇ question କଲେ answer ଏହାହିଁ ଆସେ | ସେ ଗୁଡିକୁ subject କୁହାଯାଏ |

Subject: The naming part of the sentence.

Who ବା what ସହ sentence କୁ question କଲେ ଯାହା ଉତ୍ତର ଆସିବ ତାହା subject.
Subject ର ଅର୍ଥ ଅନେକ writer ‘କର୍ତ୍ତା୍‌ କହିଥାନ୍ତି |

କର୍ତ୍ତା ଶବ୍ଦର ଅର୍ଥ କଣ?

= ଯିଏ କରେ ବା କରାଏ (He who does the activity or makes other do)
Dharmapada fixed the kalasa.
Narasimha Dev had the konark temple built.
ଏଠାରେ Dharmapada ଓ Narasimha Dev ‘କର୍ତ୍ତା
Chilika is a lake.
ଏଠାରେ Chilika ‘କର୍ତ୍ତା ନୁହେଁ |
ଅର୍ଥାତ subject ସବୁ ସମୟରେ କର୍ତ୍ତା ନୁହେଁ |

Position of the Subject:-

i.                 Bird flies. (Who fly? Answer=Bird)
ii.               Here comes the bus! (What comes here? Answer= the bus)
iii.              Yesterday my friend arrived.

ସଂକ୍ଷେପରେ କହିଲେ :-
i.                 Who ବା what ସହ sentence କୁ question କଲେ ଯାହା ଉତ୍ତର ଆସିବ ତାହା subject.
ii.               Subject କେବଳ ବାକ୍ୟ ଆରମ୍ଭରେ ନୁହେଁ ମଝିରେ ଓ ଶେଷରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ବସିପାରେ |
iii.              ଅଧିକାଂଶ୍ ସମୟ୍ subject ବାକ୍ୟ ଆରମ୍ଭରେ ବସିଥାଏ |

Predicate (ଉଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ)

ଗୋଟିଏ sentenceରେ subject ବ୍ୟତୀତ ଆଉ ଯାହା ରହିଲା ତାହା predicate |

Subject
Predicate
Fire
burns.
We
play cricket.
She
is tired.
Jadu
has a car