VOICE CHANGE

ଓଡିଆରେ ବାଚ୍ୟ ତିନି ପ୍ରକାର

a)     କର୍ତ୍ତୃବାଚ୍ୟ : ଯେଉଁ ବାଚ୍ୟରେ କର୍ତ୍ତାର ପ୍ରାଧାନ୍ୟ ରହେ ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ କର୍ତ୍ତା ମୁଖ୍ୟ ହୁଏ ତାହାକୁ କର୍ତ୍ତୃବାଚ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ |

ବଳଦ ଘାସ ଖାଏ – ଏଠାରେ କର୍ତ୍ତା= ବଳଦ (ମୂଖ୍ୟ)

b)     କର୍ମବାଚ୍ୟ : ଯେଉଁ ବାଚ୍ୟରେ କର୍ମର ପ୍ରାଧାନ୍ୟ ରହେ ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ କର୍ମ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ହୁଏ ତାହାକୁ କର୍ମବାଚ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ |

ବଳଦ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଘାସ ଖିଆ ହୁଏ – ଏଠାରେ କର୍ମ = ଘାସ

c)      ଭାବବାଚ୍ୟ : କର୍ତ୍ତୃବାଚ୍ୟରେ କର୍ମ ନଥିଲେ ତାହାକୁ ଭାବବାଚ୍ୟରେ ପରିଣତ କରାଯାଏ |

ହରି ସକାଳେ ଦଉଡେ – ଏଠାରେ କର୍ମ ନଥିବାରୁ ଏହାକୁ ଭାବବାଚ୍ୟରେ ପରିଣତ କରାଯଏ |

ଏହାର ଭାବବାଚ୍ୟ – ରାମ ଦ୍ୱାର ସକାଳେ ଦଉଦା ହୁଏ |
ଇଂରାଜୀରେ ଭାବବାଚ୍ୟ ନଥିବାରୁ ଏହା ଦୁଇ ପ୍ରକାର-
a)     Active voice (କର୍ତ୍ତୃବାଚ୍ୟ)
b)     Passive voice (କର୍ମବାଚ୍ୟ)

·       Active voice ରେ Subject ର ପ୍ରାଧାନ୍ୟ ରହେ ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ subject ଉପରେ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ଦିଆଯାଏ |
Rama eats mango.

·       Passive voice ରେ Object ଟି subject ହୋଇଯାଏ |
Mango is eaten by Rama.

Change of Voice (ବାଚ୍ୟ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ)

·       ସାଧାରଣତଃ active voice କୁ passive voice ରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରାଯାଏ |
·       Sentence ରେ ଗୋଟିଏ object ଥିଲେ active voice କୁ କେବଳ ଗୋଟିଏ ପ୍ରକାରରେ passive voice କରାଯାଏ |
·       Sentence ରେ ଦୁଇଟି object ଥିଲେ active voice କୁ କେବଳ ଦୁଇ ପ୍ରକାରରେ passive voice କରାଯାଏ |

VOICE CHANGE
Present Tense
Past Tense
Future Tense
1
Simple
Object + Aux. V. (be-present) + O.V. (P.P.) + by + agent 
Object + Aux. V. (be-past) + O.V. (P.P.) + by + agent  
Object + Aux. V. (shall/will) + +be + O.V. (P.P.) + by + agent   
2
Progressive
Object + Aux. V.+ being + O.V. (P.P.)+ by + agent  
 Object + Aux. V. (be-past) + being + O.V. (P.P.)+ by + agent  

3
Perfect
Object + Aux. V. (have -present) + been + O.V. (P.P.) + by + agent  
 Object + Aux. V. (have -past) + been + O.V. (P.P.) + by + agent  




Simple Present :

Object + Aux. V. (be-present) + O.V. (P.P.) + by + agent 

Active
Passive
He teaches me.
I am taught by him
Cow eats grass.
Grass is eaten by cow.
Rama eats mango.
Mango is eaten by Ram.
Monkeys eat yellow banana.
Yellow banana eaten by the monkeys.

Active: He eats apple.
Passive: Apple is eaten by him.

Active: Hari eats mangoes.
Passive: Mangoes are eaten by Hari.

Active: I do not play cricket everyday.
Passive: Cricket is not played by me everyday.

Active: Jadu does not buy books from the market.
Passive: Books are not bought by Jadu from the market.

Present Progressive:

Object + Aux. V.+ being + O.V. (P.P.)+ by + agent  

Active
Passive
He is teaching me.
I am being taught by him.
Cow has eaten grass.
Grass is being eaten by cow.
God is creating animals.
Animals are being created by god.
I am playing football.
Football is being played by me.

Active: I am playing cricket.
Passive: Cricke is being played by me.

Active: The children are eating apples.
Passive: Apples are being eaten by the children.

Active: Hari and Rakesh are not eating mangoes.

Passive: Mangoes are not being eaten by Hari and Rakesh.

Present perfect:

Object + Aux. V. (have -present) + been + O.V. (P.P.) + by + agent  

Active
Passive
He has taught me.
I have been taught by him.    
Cow has eaten grass.
Grass has been eaten by cow.
I have played football.
Football has been played by me.
Raju has not killed the snake.
The snake has not been killed by Raju.

Active: She has played hockey.
Passive: Hockey has been played by her.

Active: He has not killed the snake.
Passive: The snake has not been killed by him.

Active: They have planted many tree in their garden.
Passive: Many trees have been planed by them in their garden.



Simple Past:

Object + Aux. V. (be-past) + O.V. (P.P.) + by + agent  

Active
Passive
He taught me.
I was taught by him
Cow ate grass.
Grass was eaten by cow.
Rama killed Ravan
Ravan was killed by Rama.
The cat did not kill the rats.
The rates were not killed by the cat.


Active: Ram killed Ravan.
Passive: Ravan was killed by Ram.

Active: Haresh called Ritu a fool.
Passive: Ritu was called a fool by Haresh.

Active: The cat did not kill the rate.

Passive: The rats were not killed by the cat.

Past Progressive:

Object + Aux. V. (be-past) + being + O.V. (P.P.)+ by + agent   

Active
Passive
He was teaching me.
I was taught by him.
The cow was eating grass.
Grass was being eaten by cow.
The girls were singing a song.
A song was being sung by the girls.
She was not plucking flowers.
Flowers were not being plucked by her.

Active: I was buying vegetables.
Passive: vegetables were being bought by me.

Active: The girls were singing a song.
Passive: A song was being sung by the girls
.
Active: The children were not eating sweets.
Passive: Sweets were not being eaten by the children.

Active; She was not plucking flowers.

Passive: Flowers were not being plucked by her.


Past perfect:

Object + Aux. V. (have -past) + been + O.V. (P.P.) + by + agent  

Active
Passive
He had taught me.
I had been taught by him
Cow had eaten grass.
Grass had been eaten by cow.
I had seen the picture.
The picture had been seen by me.
Sita had not seen her mother for long time.
Her mother had not seen by her for long time.

Active: I had seen the picture.
Passive: The picture had been seen by me.

Active: The solders had fought the battle bravely.
Passive: The battle had been fought bravely by the soldiers.

Active: She had not seen her mother for long.

Passive: Her mother had not been by her for long.

 Simple Future:

 Object + Aux. V. (shall/will) + +be + O.V. (P.P.) + by + agent  
Active: I shall do the work tomorrow.
Passive: The work will be done by me tomorrow.

Active: They will play the match today.
 Passive: The match will be played by them today.

Active: She will not attend the party this evening.

Passive: The party will not be attended by her this evening.

2. ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ ପ୍ରକାର ବାକ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କରୁ Doer ବା Agent କୁ ବାଦ ଦିଆଯାଇଥାଏ |

Active: people did not build Rome in a day.
Passive: Rome was not built in a day.

Active: We obtain common salt is obtained from the sea.
Passive: common salt is obtained from the sea.

Active: They called off the strike.
Passive: The strike was called off.

ସେହିପରି:

Active: They made him king.
Passive: He was made king.

Active: I keep my books in a bag.
Passive: My books are kept in a bag.

Active: You should be shut at night.
Passive: The doors should shut the doors at night.

Active: They looked after the baby properly.
Passive: The baby was properly looked after.

Active: They made to work alone.
Passive: I was made to work alone.

Active: The villagers gave me to understand their difficulties.
Passive: I was given to understanding the difficulties of the villagers.

Active: One does not seen tigers everyday.
Passive: Tigers are not seen everyday.


3. Infinitive ଯୁକ୍ତ ପ୍ରେରଣାର୍ଥ ବାକ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କୁ ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତମତେ ବାଦଦେଇ Passiveରେ ପରିଣତ କରାଯଏ |

Active: He made me do the work.
Passive: I was made to do the work.

Active: I heard her say so.
Passive: she was heard to say so.

Active: They made me sing the song again.
Passive: I was made to sing the song again.

Active: Mother kept me engaged for the whole day.
Passive: I was kept engaged for the whole day.

Active: Father made me go to school at an early age.
Passive: I was made to go to school at an age.

Active: They let the thief go.
Passive: The thief was let go.

Active: You should let me speak out my mind.
Passive: I should be let to speak out my mind.

Active: They did not let me sit for the examination.
Passive: I was not let to me sit for the examination.

4. Participle ଯୁକ୍ତ ବାକ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କୁ Agentକୁ ବାଦ ଦେଲେ ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତମତେ Passive fromରେ ପରିଣତ କରାଯାଏ |

Active: I don’t like people laughing at me.
Passive: I don’t like being laughed at.

Active: She does not like other staring at her.
Passive: She does not like being stared at

Active: Most people cannot tolerate other criticized.
Passive: Most people cannot tolerate being criticized.

5. Infinitive ଯୁକ୍ତ ସାଧାରଣ ବାକ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କୁ ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତମତ Passive Voiceକୁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରାଯାଏ |

Active: It is time to call in a doctor.
Passive: It is time for a doctor to be called in.

Active: I need a good teacher to teach my children.
Passive: A good teacher is needed for my children to be taught.
Active: It is time to close down the school .
Passive: It is necessary for a post office to be opened in our village.
Active: I heard him say so.
Passive: He was heard him sit on say so.
Active: I made him sit on the floor.
Passive: He was made to sit on the floor.
Active: We kept him busy at work.
Passive: He was kept busy at work.

(B) Imperative sentence ଆଦେଶ, ଅନୁରୋଧ, ଉପଦେଶ,ନିଷେଧ ଆଦି ସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟମନଙ୍କର ବାଚ୍ୟ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ |

Active: Shut the door.
Passive: Please post this letter today.
Active: Please post this letter today.
Passive: Let this letter be kindly posted today.
Active: Don’t touch fire.
Passive: Let this letter be kindly posted today.
Active: Don’t boil the egg too much.
Passive: Let not the egg be boiled too much.
Active: Please don’t punish me.
Passive: Let me not be punished.
Active: Please help me.
Passive: Let me be kindly helped.
Active: please stand up.
Passive: You are requested to stand up.
Active: Please don’t smoke here.
Passive: You are requested not smoke here.

8. Imperative sentence with two objects:

Active: Please give me a book.
Passive: Let a book be kindly given to me. Let me be kindly given a book.
Active: Don’t tell me a lie.
Passive: Let not a lie be told me. Let not be told a lie.
Active: give the devil be his due.
Passive: Let the devil be given his due. Let the due of the devil be given him.
Active: Please do me a favour.
Passive: Let me be done a favour. Let a favour be done me.
Active: Don’t tell anyone your secrets.
Passive: Let not your secrets be told to anyone. Let on one be told your secrets.

(C) Interrogative sentence ମାନଙ୍କର ବାଚ୍ୟ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ:

Active: Do I football?
Passive: Is football played by me?
Active: Does he eat meat?
Passive: Is meat eaten by him?
Active: Do you read novels?
Passive: Are novels read by you?
Active: Am I drinking milk?
Passive: Is milk being milk?

Active: Is he reading a book?
Passive: Is a book being read by him?
Active: Are they ploughed the fields?
Passive: Are the field being ploughed by them?
Active: Has he done the work?
Passive: Has a lie been ever told by me?
Active: Have you paid the tiger?
Passive: Was the tiger seen by the boy?
Active: Did the farmer irrigate their fields?
Passive: Were the fields irrigated by the farmers?
Active: Were the soldiers fighting a battle?
Passive: Was a battle being fought by the soldiers?
Active: Will the teacher teach us?
Passive: Shall we be taught by the teacher?
Active: Will the villagers build the temple?
Passive: Will the temple be built by the villagers?
Active: Who has seen a ghost?
Passive: By whom has a ghost been seen?
Active: Who can solve this problem?
Passive: By whom can this problem be solved?
Active: Where did the boy see his teacher?
Passive: Where was the teacher seen by the boy?
Active: Whom did you give the book?
Passive: To whom was the book given?
Active: Why did you not prepare your lessons?
Passive: Why were the lessons not prepared by you?
Active: What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?
Active: What did he say to his teacher?
Passive: What was said by him to the teacher?
Active: Which book did the boys read?
Passive: Which book was read by the boys?
Active: What shall the child do?
Passive: What shall be done by the child?
Active: Should I teach this boy?
Passive: Should this boy be taught by me?
Active: Spare the rod, spoil the child.
Passive: If the rod is spared, the child is spoiled.
Active: They say that he was very lazy in his boyhood.
Passive: It is that he was very lazy in his boyhood.

11. Complex sentence କୁ Simple sentence ରେ ପରିଣତ କର |

Active: They say that two boys have been killed in the accident.
Passive: Two boys are said to have been killed in the accident.
Active: People once believed that the sun went round the earth.
Passive: The sun was once believed to be going round the earth.
Active: They tell me my uncle is suffering from cancer.
Passive: My uncle is said to be suffering from cancer.
Active: I understand that you have done this mischief.
 Passive: This mischief is understood to have been done by you.
Active: They report to me that my brother had committed theft.
Passive: My brother was reported to have committed theft.
Active: They say that you know some magic.
Passive: You are said to have known some magic.
Active: They say that he is a thief.
Passive: HE is said to be a thief.
Active: They say that he was a thief.
Passive: He is said to have been a thief.

1.     Suppose ଥିବା ବାକ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କର ବାଚ୍ୟ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ |

Active: I suppose you are all right now.
Passive: You are supposed to be all right now.
Active: I suppose you have reported the matter to the police.
Passive: You are supposed to have reported the matter to the police.
Active: I supposed you know my father.
Passive: My father is supposed to be known to you well.
Active: I suppose you will do it.
Passive: You are supposed to do it.
Active: I suppose you did it.

Passive: You are supposed to have done it.


Active
Passive
He will teach me.
I shall be taught by him
Cow will eat grass.
Grass will be eaten by cow.
I shall do the work tomorrow.
The work will be done by me tomorrow.



·       ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ ପ୍ରକାର ବାକ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କରୁ Agent କୁ (କରୁଥିବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିକୁ) ବାଦ ଦିଆଯାଇଥାଏ

Active
Passive
People did not build Tajmohal in a day.
Tajmohal was not built in a day.
(ଏଠାରେ by the people ଲେଖିବା ଦରକାର ନାହିଁ)
They called off the strike.
The strike was called off.
(by them ଲେଖିବା ଦରକାର ନାହିଁ)
They made him monitor.
He was made monitor.
I keep my money in a purse.
My money are kept in a purse.

·       ଆଦେଶ, ଅନୁରୋଧ, ଉପଦେଶ, ନିଷେଧ ଆଦି ସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କର ବାଚ୍ୟ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ |
Active
Passive
Do it.
Let it be done.
Shut the door.
Let the door be shut.
Don’t touch fire.
Let not fire be touched.
Please don’t punish me.
Let me not be punished.
Please stand up.
You are requested to stand up.
Please don’t smoke here.
You are requested not to smoke here.

·       ଆଦେଶ, ଅନୁରୋଧ, ଉପଦେଶ, ନିଷେଧ ଆଦି ସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କରେ ଦୁଇଟି Object ଥିଲେ ବାଚ୍ୟ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ |

Active
Passive
Please give me a pen.
Let a pen be kindly given me.
Don’t tell me a lie.
Let not a lie be told me.
Please do me a favour.
Let a favour be done me.
Don’t tell any one your secrets.
Let not your secrets be told to anyone.

·       Interrogative sentences ମାନଙ୍କର ବାଚ୍ୟ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ

Active
Passive
Do I play cricket?
Is football played by me?
Does she eat mango?
Is mango eaten by her?
Is Ram drinking milk?
Is milk being drunk by Ram?
Who has seen a ghost?
By whom has a ghost been seen?
Where did the Raju see his uncle?
Where was the uncle seen by Raju?
Whom did you give flower?
To whom was the flower given?
Should I kill this snake?
Should this snake killed by me?

·       Interrogative sentences(two objects) ମାନଙ୍କର ବାଚ୍ୟ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ

Active
Passive
Who teaches you English?
By whom is English taught you?
Why did Ranjan tell you a lie?
Why a lie was told you by Ranjan?

·       Complex sentence ସ୍ଥଳେ ବାଚ୍ୟ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ

Active
Passive
Bring me what I gave you.
Let what was given you by me be brought.
Do what I tell you.
Let what you are told by me be done.
They said that he was very lazy in his childhood.
It is said that he was very lazy in his childhood.