ADVERB

She walks.   She walks slowly.
He ran.        He ran quickly.
Rain Fell.    Rains fell heavily.

S+V   

 The underlined words modify. The verbs=verb modifier. 
ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର slowly, quickly ଓ heavily ଆଦି word verb କୁ modify କରୁଛନ୍ତି |

It is hot.  It is very hot.
I am sorry.  I am extremely Sorry.
It is cold.  It is too cold.

S+V+Adjective  

 The underlined words modify. the adjective=adjective modifier.

ଦେଖ-very, too ଓ extremely ଆଦି word Adjective ଙ୍କୁ Modify କରୁଛନ୍ତି |

She walks slowly.    She walks very slowly.
He ran quickly.  He ran too quickly.
Rains fell heavily.   Rains fell so heavily.

S+V+VerbModifier  ବୃତ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା word ଗୁଡିକ very modify କରନ୍ତି ତେଣୁ ସେମାନେ modifier of verb modifier.

ଏଥର very, too ଓ so ଆଦି word verb modifier କୁ modify କରୁଛନ୍ତି |
ତେଣୁ ଯେଉଁ word verb, adjective ଓ verb modifier କୁ modify କରେ ତାହା ADVERB.

Adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective ଓ another adverb(verb modifier)

ଉଦାହରଣକୁ ଦେଖ:-

Perhaps you are right.
Unfortunately, he lost his mother.

Prehaps, Unfortunately  ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବାକ୍ୟ (Whole sentence) କୁ modify କରନ୍ତି |ତେଣୁ ସେ ମଧ୍ୟ Adverb ବା Sentence modifier.

ତେଣୁ ଯେଉଁ word ଗୋଟିଏ verb, adjective, adverb, ବା whole sentence  କୁ modify କରେ ବା ସେମାନଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ଅଧିକ କିଛି ଧାରଣା ଦିଏ ତାହା Adverb.

Positive    

Rama works hard. 
A car moves quickly. 
She writes well.

Comparative

Rama works harder than Raja.
 Rakesh works harder than Rama.
A train moves more quickly than a car. 
An aeroplane moves more quickly than train. 
Her brother writes better than her. 
Her father writes better than her brother.

Superlative
Rakesh works the hardest of all. 
An aeroplane moves the most quickly among them. 
Her father writes the best.

POSITIVE                       COMPARATIVE                SUPERLATIVE

Fats                                 faster                               the fastest
Soon                               sooner                             the soonst
Hard                                harder                             the hardest
Fortunately                    more fortunately          the most fortunately
Quietly                            more quietly                  the most quietly
Slowly                             more slowly                   the most slowly
Well                                better                              the best
ill                                    worse                              the worst
much                              more                                the most

Adjective ଭଳି adverb ର ମଧ୍ୟ 3ଟି degree ଥାଏ ଯଥା:- positive, comparative, ଓ superlative.
ଅନୁସନ୍ଧାନ କର:-କେଉଁ adverb ର degree କିପରି ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହେଉଛି ଓ କାହିଁକି ଏପରି ହେଉଛି |
ନିଜେ Adverb କିପରି Form ହେଉଛି ଜାଣିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କର | ପ୍ରତେକ Sentence ପଢିଲା ବେଳେ Adverb କୁ ଚିହ୍ନ ଓ ଏହାର ସ୍ଥାନକୁ ଜାଣ |

DEGREE OF ADVERB- 

 1.Positive 
2.Comparative 
3.Superlative

TYPES OF ADVERB:

She works hard.  He drives fast.   How          manner
She came yesterday.

Gandhi was born on 2 Oct. 1869		   When time

Are you here?   They are not there.  		   Where      place

I often go to the Cinema. She always hates me.  		   How often Frequency

Where do you live? When did he come? 		   Wh-words Interrogative
I never eat meat. She told me not to sleep.    Not….  Negative


ଉପରୋକ୍ତ examples ଜଣାଗଲା ଯେ manner, time, place, frequency, interrogative, negative ଆଦି Adverb ରହିଛି |

ଏହା ବ୍ୟତୀତ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ type ର ମଧ୍ୟ Adverb ଅଛି, ତାହାର ଅନୁସନ୍ଧାନ କର |
ଏକାଧିକ Adverb ଗୋଟିଏ Sentence ରେ ବସିପାରିବ କି?

Example:
The teacher beat me mercilessly(M) in the class(P) yesterday(T).

He spoke very well(Manner)  in the meeting(time)  last week.(time)

    M=Manner
    F= Frequently
    T= Time
    P=Place                     
                  
PFT=ii

ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ଜାଣ ଗୋଟିଏ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଏକାଧିକ Adverb ବସିପାରେ |
ସେଗୁଡିକ order ବା କ୍ରମରେ i. MPT  ii. PFT
ଏହା ସଧାରଣ ନିୟମ, ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ତୁମ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରଯୁଜ୍ୟ, ତେବେ ଅନୁସନ୍ଧାନ କର, ଏହାର କିଛି variation ଅଛି କି?

 POSITION OF ADVERB

Adverb କେଉଁ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ବସେ ?

Perhaps you are right.
When did he live?    Beginning of the sentence……1

1.ବାକ୍ୟ ଆରମ୍ଭରେ Adverb ବସିପାରେ |

She will come soon.
Open the box silently.  End of the sentence.......2

2.Adverb ମଧ୍ୟ ବାକ୍ୟ ଶେଷରେ ବସେ |

Adverb ଏହି Position କୁ ଭଲଭାବେ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର |

I hardly eat meat.
She rarely visits us.  

 In the middle i.before the full verb……3(a)

ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟକର full verb ପୂର୍ବରୁ adverb ବସେ |
I have never been to London.
He is always teasing others.  

 In the middle ii.after the first auxiliary…..3(b)

ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟକର ପ୍ରଥମ Auxiliary ପରେ Adverb ବସେ |

She is never late.
I am always happy. In the middle iii.after main verb ‘be’…..3(c)

ଯଦି ‘be’ verb main verb ହୋଇଥାଏ ତେବେ ଏହାର ପରେ Adverb ବସେ |

I very much like cricket.     I like very much cricket.     He speaks English well.
S + Adv + V + O                      S + Adv +V + O                    S + Adv + v + O
   V                                                 X                                                   V

ମନେରଖ-ଯଦି Sentence ରେ transitive verb ଥାଏ ତେବେ adverb ତା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ବସିପାରିବ କିମ୍ବା object ପରେ ବସିବ | କିନ୍ତୁ verb ଓ object ମଝିରେ ଆଦୌ Adverb ବସିବ ନାହିଁ |

ତୁଳନା କର:-

He never eats meat.      Never does he eat meat.
I hardly visited him.       Hardly did I visit him.
She has scarcely done so.  Scarcely has she done so.

Adv+Aux+S+Other verbs+Others Verb

ଯଦି Adverb କୁ ବାକ୍ୟ ଆରମ୍ଭରେ ବସାଯାଏ ତେବେ Adverb ପରେ,Auxiliary Verb ପରେ Subject ପରେ ଅନ୍ୟ verb ଓ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ item ତା ପରେ ବସିବ |ଏହା ଖୁବ୍ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ମନେ ରଖିବ |

‘Only’ ଏକ Adverb ଏହା ବ୍ୟବହାର ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର:-

Mr. Sahu can answer this question. Only Mr. Sahu can answer his question.

No one other than this can do so.

Suvam Swam across the river.  
Only Suvam Swam across the river.

ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟକଲେ ଏଠାରେ Sentence ଆରମ୍ଭରେ ଓ subject ପାଖରେ Adverb ବସିଛି |

He types letters. He doesn’t do anything else.= He only type letter
She laughed and laughed and laughed. She didn’t do anything=He only laughed.

ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟକଲେ ଏଠାରେ verb ର ପୂର୍ବରେ Only ବସିଛି |

She is 13. She is not elder.   She is only 13.
They are 5 (Not more than 5) They are only 5.

Only ଏଠାରେ main verb ‘be’ ପରେ ବସିଛି |

Mother has cooked rice.   Mother has cooked rice only.

He hasn’t cooked anything else.

I’ll take this red pen.     I’ll take this red pen only.
(Not any other pen)

ଦେଖ ଏଠାରେ object କୁ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ଦିଆଯାଇଛି ତେଣୁ object ପରେ only ଲାଗିଛି |କିନ୍ତୁ ମନେରଖ verb ଓ object ମଝିରେ only ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିବ ନାହିଁ |