DETERMINERS AND PRE-DETERMINERS
1.ସମସ୍ତ determiner ଗୁଡ଼ିକ adj. ଅଟନ୍ତି, କାରଣ adj. ସଦୃଶ ଏମାନେ ମଧ୍ୟ noun ପୂର୍ବରେ ବସନ୍ତି । କିନ୍ତୁ determiner ବୋଲି ଏମାନଙ୍କୁ ଏକ ସ୍ଵତନ୍ତ୍ର ନାମ ଦିଆଯାଇଛି । ସଂକ୍ଷେପରେ determiner କୁ det. ବୋଲି ଲେଖାଯାଏ ।
2.ଗୋଟିଏ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଉଭୟ det, ଓ adj. ଥିଲେ ପ୍ରଥମେ det. ବସେ, ତା’ପରେ adj. ବସେ ଓ ତା’ପରେ noun ରହେ | e. g
A child loves his mother. ଏଠାରେ noun= child, ଏହା ପୂର୍ବରେ ଥିବା det. = A
The cow is a domestic animal. noun = cow, ଏହା ପୂର୍ବରେ ଥିବା det = The ଏବଂ
noun = animal, ଏହା ପୂର୍ବରେ ଥିବା det=a, adj. = domestic
3.Article chapter କୁହାଯାଇଛି ଯେ, a, an, the କୁ article କୁହାଯାଏ । ପୁନଶ୍ଚ, ଏମାନେ ମଧ୍ୟ determiner ଭାବରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତି । ଏଣୁ ଏମାନଙ୍କୁ article determiner କୁହାଯାଏ ।
A mother loves her child.ଏଠାରେ article determiner=A
An elephant has a trunk. article determiner= An, a
The sun gives us energy. The article determiner= The Serie
4. Demonstrative determiner: Pronoun chapter ରେ କୁହାଯାଇଛି ଯେ This, That, These, Those ଏହି ଚାରିଟି noun ବଦଳରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୋଇ ବାକ୍ୟର କର୍ତ୍ତା = subject ହୁଅନ୍ତି |
ସେତେବେଳେ ଏମାନଙ୍କୁ demonstrative pronoun କୁହାଯାଏ । ପୁନଶ୍ଚ, ଏମାନେ determiner ଭାବରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୁଅନ୍ତି । ସେତେବେଳେ ଏମାନଙ୍କୁ dem, des,କୁହାଯାଏ।
This, That, These, Those = demonstrative pronoun= demonstrative determiner demonstrative pronoun ଗୁଡିକ noun ବଦଳରେ ବସି ବାକ୍ୟର subject ହୁଅନ୍ତି |
demonstrative determiner ou noun ପୂର୍ବରେ ବସି adjective ହୁଅନ୍ତି |
demonstrative pronoun -This is a good book.
subject- This
demonstrative pronoun -These are good books.
subject- These
demonstrative pronoun- This TheseThat is a good book.
subject- That
demonstrative pronoun -Those are good books.
subject-Those
demonstrative determiner-This book is good.
adjective-This
demonstrative determiner-These books are good.
adjective-These
demonstrative determiner-That book is good.
adjective-That
demonstrative determiner-Those are good.
adjective-Those
5. Numerical determiners: ଏମାନେ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ସହ ସମ୍ୱନ୍ଧିତ ଓ ଚାରି ପ୍ରକାର |
a. Cardinal numbers: one, two, three, four, five etc.
e.g.
One boy came here. Two boys came here. Three boys came here.
Four boys came here. Five boys came here. Six boys came here.
b. Ordinal numbers: first, second, third, fourth etc.
e.g.
The first two boys went there. The second place is good
c. Multiplicative numbers: once, twice, thrice, four times etc.
e.g.
Twice five is equal to ten. Ten is equal to twice five
d. Some general words: all, many, few, more, most etc. adjective ହୁଅନ୍ତି l
e.g.
All boys went there. Many students read here.
Few books are here. More books are here.
Most people eat rice.
6. Determiners of Quantity= Quantifiers:ଏମାନେ ପରିମାଣସହ ସମ୍ୱନ୍ଧିତ |
a. many, few, a few, several ଏମାନେ plural countable noun ଓ plural verb ସହ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୁଅନ୍ତି |
e.g.
Many children are playing here. Several children are playing here.
Few children are playing here. A few children are playing here.
b. much, little, a little ଏମାନେ uncountable ଓ singular verb ସହ ମାଗନ୍ତି le.g.
Little water is in the pot. A little water is in the pot Much water is in the pot.
c. any, no, some, enough, more, less, both, all, a lot of, a great deal of, ଏମାନେ plural countable noun ଓ singular uncountable noun ସହ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୁଅନ୍ତି ।
7. Distributive determiner: each, every, either, neither
8. Possessive determiner:ଏହାଦୁଇ ପ୍ରକାର ଅଟେ |
a. Nominal possessive determiner - Rama's, Madhu's etc.
b. Pronominal possessive determiner - my, our, your, his, her, its etc.
9. Wh-determiners: what, which, whose e.g.
What book do you need?
Which book do you need?
Whose book do you need?
10. Predeterminer: noun ପୂର୍ବରେ ଦୁଇଟି det. ଥିଲେ ପ୍ରଥମଟିକୁ predet. ଓ ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟଟିକୁ determiner କୁହାଯାଏ |
a.All the boys are playing ଏଠାରେ predet.=all det=the
b.His first two sons are good predet.=his fierst det=two
c. Such a place is worth visiting predet.=such det=a
c.such a place is worth visiting. predet.=such det=a